Canal Zone & Guatemala

Patrol flying at the edge of World War II

December 1939 – October 1942 • France Field · Howard Field · David · Guatemala City

On December 26, 1939, Second Lieutenant Robert W. Burns arrived at Cristóbal, Panama, disembarking from an Army transport ship after six days at sea from Charleston. He was 23 years old, had just been commissioned a month earlier, and was about to begin three years of over-water patrol flying that would take him from the Atlantic side of the Canal Zone to Guatemala City — flying B-18 Bolos over the Caribbean, then B-17Bs above the Pacific, then B-17Es on long anti-submarine patrols to the Galapagos Islands.

This page covers the flight records from that three-year period: December 1939 through October 1942, from France Field through the escalating urgency of Pearl Harbor to the quiet end of his Guatemala assignment as his group prepared to move stateside. The full-career view is on Flight Records.

Note: pre-war Canal Zone records (1939–1940) do not include individual landing counts on Form 5. Totals reflect time logged in flight entries.
715
Flight Entries
1,566h
Total Hours
33
Monthly Records
27
Aircraft Types
5
Stations

Arrival at France Field

France Field sat on the Atlantic side of the Canal Zone, a few miles from the port at Cristóbal. Bob was assigned to the 7th Reconnaissance Squadron, which flew the Douglas B-18 Bolo — a converted DC-3 airframe that had been adapted as a medium bomber and had drawn the short straw against the B-17 in competitive evaluation, but which equipped most of the Canal Zone squadrons because there simply weren't enough Fortresses to go around.

"When I reported to France Field in the Canal Zone, my commanding officer was Captain Hicks, an outstanding officer and pilot who I admired greatly. The B-18 was the primary aircraft of the 7th Reconnaissance Squadron. The airplane was essentially a Douglas DC-3 that had been converted to a 'bomber.' It was flown by a crew of six: pilot, co-pilot, bombardier, navigator, radio operator, and crew chief / gunner."

— Gen. Robert W. Burns

The Canal Zone in 1940 was a garrison with a purpose. The locks were the most strategically important piece of infrastructure in the Western Hemisphere — the route between the Atlantic and Pacific fleets. The 7th Recon flew anti-submarine and coastal patrol along routes that extended far out to sea, using a technique called time-and-distance navigation: no radio aids, no ground beacons, just a compass heading and a stopwatch and a very clear understanding of wind.

"On one of my early flights from France Field, the route was a long triangular patrol over the Caribbean. The navigator gave me a heading and a time, and at the appointed minute we turned. When we let down through the clouds on the final leg, France Field was directly off the nose. The navigator said nothing. That was the standard — you were simply expected to arrive where you said you would arrive, when you said you would arrive."

— Gen. Burns, on navigation standards at France Field

Assignment Timeline

Dec 1939 – Dec 1941
France Field, Canal Zone
7th Reconnaissance Squadron. B-18 Bolo coastal and anti-submarine patrols over the Caribbean. Target towing for anti-aircraft batteries. A-17 attack sorties. Gradual transition to B-17Bs in 1941 as more Fortresses became available.
Dec 7–8, 1941
Howard Field, Canal Zone
Pearl Harbor. Bob was alone at Howard Field on the Pacific side when the news broke. He spent the night supervising the loading of bombs and ammunition as the base prepared for any follow-on attack against the Canal.
Dec 1941 – Mar 1942
David / Rio Hato, Panama
B-17B patrols along the Pacific coast and over open ocean. David was a small airstrip near the Costa Rican border; the unit flew lengthy overwater patrols from both sites.
Apr 1942 – Oct 1942
Guatemala City, Guatemala
B-17E anti-submarine patrols — 7–8 hour missions to the Galapagos Islands and back. No navigators, no radio beacons. Navigation by visual dead reckoning over open Pacific. The squadron lost one crew that never found landfall.

The B-17Bs Arrive

For nearly two years, the B-18 had been the workhorse — capable enough for Caribbean patrol but underpowered and limited in range. In mid-1941, B-17Bs began arriving in the Canal Zone. They were early-model Fortresses — older than the B-17Cs and Ds being sent to the Philippines, but to a pilot who had been flying B-18s, they felt like a different world.

"When the B-17Bs arrived, I thought I had died and gone to heaven. Four engines — more power than you could need. The airplane was responsive, stable on instruments, and when you were first pilot it felt like you owned the sky. I logged my first B-17B flight as first pilot in the summer of 1941 and I don't think I've ever been quite as pleased with an airplane since — maybe the B-17G later, but the feeling wasn't the same as the first time."

— Gen. Burns

Flight record context: Bob's first B-17B entries appear in the 1941 data (summer months). The B-17B was the second production variant of the Flying Fortress — 39 built, all delivered by 1940. By mid-1941 they were mostly in second-line service in places like the Canal Zone while newer B-17Cs and Ds equipped frontline units. They were retired from service by 1942.

Pearl Harbor — December 7, 1941

"I was at Howard Field on the Pacific side when the news came that Pearl Harbor had been attacked. I was the only officer there. I spent that night supervising the arming of our aircraft — loading bombs, belting ammunition, fueling everything we had. Nobody knew if the Japanese would hit the Canal next. We worked through the night. By morning everything was ready and nothing had happened, and I suppose that was the best possible outcome."

— Gen. Burns

The Canal Zone went to maximum alert status immediately after Pearl Harbor. Howard Field, on the Pacific side, was one of the more exposed installations — the Pacific entrance to the Canal lay within range of carrier-based aircraft. Bob's December 1941 flight log shows heavy activity in the weeks following December 7 as the 7th Recon flew extended patrols to watch for any follow-on Japanese surface or carrier forces.

Historical Note — Eliam Burns

April 14, 1941: While Bob was flying B-18 patrols from France Field, his brother Eliam Baxter Burns was killed in a training accident at Goodfellow Field, San Angelo, Texas. He was flying a BT-15 Valiant on a training exercise when his aircraft went down. He had been pursuing his own pilot's wings, following Bob into the Army Air Corps.

Eliam's death is recorded in the family archive. Bob was stationed at France Field and received the news by telegram. He was unable to return for the funeral — wartime travel restrictions and the operational demands of the squadron made leave impossible. This fact from the family timeline is not reflected in the flight records.

Galapagos Patrols — Guatemala City, 1942

By April 1942, Bob had moved with his unit to Guatemala City. The mission had shifted from Caribbean anti-submarine patrol to long-range Pacific overwater flights — the Galapagos route. These were 7 to 8 hour missions at 1,500 feet over open ocean, with no navigators assigned and no radio navigation aids in range for most of the flight.

"The Galapagos patrols were unlike anything else I flew in the war. Seven hours at fifteen hundred feet over the Pacific. You navigate by the wind streaks on the water and the angle of the whitecaps — they tell you the wind direction and approximate speed, and from that you correct your heading and your estimated time of arrival. There was no radar. There were no navigation beacons that reached that far out. You flew it on instruments and dead reckoning and experience and you expected to find the islands where your calculations said they would be.

Only one crew during our time there failed to find landfall and was not heard from again. That happened while I was there. You didn't talk about it much. You made sure your navigation was right."

— Gen. Burns

"I had a motorcycle accident in Guatemala City — came off the bike and hit the pavement face-first. Took out some teeth and did a fair amount of damage. An Army dental officer in the city put me back together as well as the circumstances allowed. For a while I flew the Galapagos route with my face not quite right, which was uncomfortable but not medically disqualifying."

— Gen. Burns

In Bob's Own Words — Morning Reports

In the summer of 2003, Bob Burns sent his family a series of "Morning Report" emails recounting his career in detail. Five of those stories are set in the Canal Zone and Guatemala period.

Galapagos Patrols: Navigation by Whitecaps

"The streaks gave you a wind indication but the size of the white caps gave a close idea of the wind velocity… Crude as this methodology was, to my knowledge, only one crew missed landfall and was not heard of again."

Read the full story →

The Perfect Navigation

"When my watch came to the minute, I signaled that we were there. With this, the pilot rolled into a 90 degree bank and, lo and behold, the base was directly under us."

Read the full story →

Pearl Harbor at Howard Field

"The base duty officer came in and told me to get moving, that the Japs had attacked Pearl Harbor and that we were at war."

Read the full story →

Motorcycle Crash in Guatemala

"I have no idea what triggered it, but I was suddenly aware that the cycle was in a vicious shuddering in the front wheel. Immediately, I was thrown off and slid down the road, face first."

Read the full story →

Three Engines Over a Lake

"As I neared going into the lake, I eased the nose back a trifle and there was just a smidge of lift. I nursed the plane for what seemed like an eternity…"

Read the full story →

Monthly Flight Hours

Hours computed from individual flight entries. December 1939 record shows zero flights — arrival month only. June 1941 was the highest single month: 101:25 hours.

Jan 1940
19:10
14 flights
Feb 1940
43:55
27 flights
Mar 1940
42:40
26 flights
Apr 1940
51:55
31 flights
Jul 1940
31:35
20 flights
Aug 1940
61:25
26 flights
Sep 1940
52:00
29 flights
Oct 1940
83:20
46 flights
Nov 1940
66:50
40 flights
Dec 1940
48:55
26 flights
Jan 1941
56:30
24 flights
Feb 1941
64:35
34 flights
Mar 1941
44:35
23 flights
Apr 1941
15:05
9 flights
May 1941
52:30
29 flights
Jun 1941
101:25
38 flights
Jul 1941
59:05
24 flights
Aug 1941
56:05
24 flights
Sep 1941
56:45
30 flights
Oct 1941
70:40
38 flights
Nov 1941
41:45
26 flights
Dec 1941
81:15
28 flights
Jan 1942
45:20
7 flights
Feb 1942
37:25
17 flights
Mar 1942
25:30
16 flights
Apr 1942
40:30
15 flights
May 1942
67:05
11 flights
Jun 1942
80:55
15 flights
Jul 1942
59:20
14 flights
Aug 1942
1:10
1 flight
Sep 1942
3:30
4 flights
Oct 1942
3:35
3 flights

Aircraft Flown — From the Flight Records

Principal aircraft by flight count. The B-18 Bolo dominated the early years; B-17 variants (B, E, F) took over as patrol missions intensified after Pearl Harbor. Utility types (U-series designations) were liaison and administrative aircraft.

Douglas B-18 Bolo medium bomber
B-18 Bolo
Primary patrol bomber — France Field, 1940–1941
280 flights 534:50 hours
Converted Douglas DC-3 airframe. Two Wright R-1820 radials. Caribbean anti-submarine patrol.
Northrop A-17 attack aircraft
A-17
Attack / target towing — France Field, 1940–1941
93 flights 149:20 hours
Northrop attack monoplane. Used for coastal attack missions and target towing for anti-aircraft batteries.
Boeing B-17B Flying Fortress
B-17B
Early Fortress — Canal Zone / David, mid-1941 onward
19 flights 85:35 hours
Second production variant of the Flying Fortress. 39 built. Bob's first B-17 type. Extended overwater Pacific patrols.
Boeing B-17E Flying Fortress
B-17E
Combat Fortress — Guatemala City, 1942
31 flights 142:05 hours
First major production B-17 with tail gunner position. Galapagos anti-submarine patrols, 7–8 hours over open Pacific.
Douglas B-18A Bolo
B-18A
Upgraded Bolo — France Field, 1941
20 flights 34:35 hours
Improved nose and updated powerplant over the base B-18. Some fitted with ASV radar for anti-submarine work.
North American O-47A observation aircraft at the Paul E. Garber Facility
O-47A
Observation — France Field, 1941
16 flights 23:15 hours
North American O-47 observation aircraft. Coastal reconnaissance and liaison missions. Photo: Mark Avino / NASM (CC0).

Assignment Geography

Stations shown in chronological order of assignment. Galapagos Islands (patrol destination from Guatemala City) marked separately. Route line connects primary bases.
France Field
Canal Zone, Panama (Atlantic side) • Dec 1939 – Dec 1941
600 flights • 1,146:15 hours • 7th Reconnaissance Squadron
Howard Field
Canal Zone, Panama (Pacific side) • Dec 1941 – Jan 1942
35 flights • 126:35 hours • Pearl Harbor period
David / Rio Hato
Republic of Panama • Feb 1942 – Mar 1942
17 flights • 37:25 hours • Pacific coast B-17B patrols
Guatemala City
Guatemala City, Guatemala • Apr 1942 – Oct 1942
63 flights • 256:05 hours • Galapagos anti-submarine patrols

Next Phase: England and the 351st

Bob departed the Canal Zone in late 1942, passed through a stateside depot at San Antonio, and was assigned to the forming 351st Bombardment Group (Heavy). He would arrive in England at Polebrook by the spring of 1943 — transitioning from Caribbean anti-submarine patrol to B-17G combat missions over occupied Europe, flying alongside Clark Gable.

Mission Profiles →  •  Full Flight Log →

Source Context

Flight record data digitized from AAF Form 5 (Individual Flight Record) for the Canal Zone period. Narrative content drawn from Gen. Burns' personal correspondence preserved in the family archive. Station coordinates and unit history from USAAF historical records. All flight statistics computed from individual flight entries in the archive database.

Generated from SQLite archive data on March 03, 2026.